Did you try to restore the backup on top of a different major Joomla version, e.g. Joomla 5? If that was the case, you need to remove Joomla's core folders before restoring the backup. The core folders are administrator, api, cli, components, includes, language, layouts, libraries, media, modules, plugins, and templates. Remember to keep a copy of your backup archives before removing these folders.
If you were restoring on top of the same Joomla! 4 version then the problem is that there was a bug in one of your extensions or template overrides when you took the backup, you just had not noticed it yet. In this case you can either try restoring an older backup, or troubleshoot the problem by editing your configuration.php file and changing the following lines in it:
public $debug = true;
public $error_reporting = 'maximum';
This will tell you which file and line is causing this problem.
Nicholas K. Dionysopoulos
Lead Developer and Director
🇬🇷Greek: native 🇬🇧English: excellent 🇫🇷French: basic • 🕐 My time zone is Europe / Athens
Please keep in mind my timezone and cultural differences when reading my replies. Thank you!