Joomla! bumps the major version when extensions can no longer work without at least an extensive number of modifications. When extensions are expected to (mostly) work, it's a minor version bump.
However, this does not mean that a minor Joomla! version bump does not have major changes in the core files and their layout on disk. Joomla! 4.3 to 4.4 has pretty major changes on account of Joomla! 4.4 back-porting code from Joomla! 5 to be a “bridge” version which allows a developer to write a mostly Joomla! 5 native extensions which will also work in Joomla! 4.4. This includes very major changes in the files handling plugin events among other things.
This is not the first (or the last) time this happens to Joomla!. For example, Joomla! 3.7 was definitely a very major update — and I would even argue that it should have resulted in the major version being bumped as well.
The same was true for Joomla! 2.5 compared to its predecessor Joomla! 1.7 (if you remember, Joomla! went from 1.7 directly to 2.5). In this case nobody noticed because the major version component changed, even though the update from 1.7 to 2.5 was meant to be a “minor” version update.
Do keep in mind that I had already documented this a long time ago:
Do not try to overwrite one Joomla! version family with a different one. Overwriting a major version with another (e.g. restoring a backup taken on Joomla! 3.7 on top of a site running Joomla! 2.5 or vice versa) or between different minor versions (e.g. restoring a backup taken on Joomla! 3.7 on top of a site running Joomla! 3.6 or vice versa) will NOT work. Joomla! moves files around between minor and major versions. Since the backup does not delete files not present in the backup archive this will end up with Joomla! being "confused" and malfunctioning. In these cases you should delete the existing files and folders (except, perhaps, user generated content) before restoring the backup. You can safely restore a sub-minor (path-level) version on top of another. For example, you can safely restore a Joomla! 3.7.5 site on top of a Joomla! 3.7.3 site or vice versa.
https://www.akeeba.com/documentation/akeeba-backup-joomla/restoring-backups.html#general-guidelines
Nicholas K. Dionysopoulos
Lead Developer and Director
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