Please see https://forum.joomla.org/viewtopic.php?t=993760. I am attempting to update from Joomla v4.2.2 to v4.2.3 and seeing the same error. I noticed after I first saw the error that there are updates for both Akeeba Backup Pro and Admin Tools Pro, so I attempted to apply those updates. The update to Admin Tools went fine but the Akeeba Backup Pro update did not go well. I got a message that I should have copied down but instead tried again, hoping that things would be better the second time around. The update did work after that initial error (which I am very sorry not to have recorded).
However, the Joomla update is still failing with the same error message reported by somebody else in the joomla forum referenced above (see attached screen shot).
I'm not using mod_security2 (have no idea what it is). I haven't done anything to protect any files or directories that were not protected prior to the prior site update (upgrade from J4.2 to J4.2.2).